{
  "slug": "energy-trade-after-russia",
  "generatedAt": "2026-06-08",
  "charts": {
    "source-share-by-importer": {
      "component": "StackedAreaShares",
      "title": "Energy import source shares for major European importers, 2018-2024",
      "unit": "percent",
      "years": [
        2018,
        2019,
        2020,
        2021,
        2022,
        2023,
        2024
      ],
      "source": "CEPII BACI HS92 (trade_2018..2024.parquet); source-country shares of HS6 270900/271000/271111/271121",
      "caveatIds": [
        "baci-annual-not-monthly",
        "route-proxy",
        "gas-code-not-pipeline",
        "hs92-compatible-history",
        "baci-country-codes"
      ],
      "seriesKeys": [
        "RUS",
        "NOR",
        "USA",
        "SAU",
        "QAT",
        "Other"
      ],
      "stackLabels": {
        "RUS": "Russian Federation",
        "NOR": "Norway",
        "USA": "USA",
        "SAU": "Saudi Arabia",
        "QAT": "Qatar"
      },
      "note": "Share = importer's energy imports from a source country divided by its total in-scope imports of the four HS6 energy products from all sources. Source country is measured; shipping route is not. Annual data cannot time the 2022 shock to the month.",
      "data": [
        {
          "iso3": "EU7",
          "name": "Europe (7 importers)",
          "code": null,
          "rows": [
            {
              "year": 2018,
              "RUS": 19.54,
              "NOR": 12.98,
              "USA": 4.05,
              "SAU": 5.37,
              "QAT": 1.1,
              "Other": 56.97,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 437631.9
            },
            {
              "year": 2019,
              "RUS": 20.07,
              "NOR": 11.0,
              "USA": 5.9,
              "SAU": 5.43,
              "QAT": 1.49,
              "Other": 56.11,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 390682.7
            },
            {
              "year": 2020,
              "RUS": 19.09,
              "NOR": 10.87,
              "USA": 8.95,
              "SAU": 4.8,
              "QAT": 1.29,
              "Other": 55.0,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 240753.2
            },
            {
              "year": 2021,
              "RUS": 18.63,
              "NOR": 17.21,
              "USA": 7.87,
              "SAU": 3.84,
              "QAT": 1.5,
              "Other": 50.95,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 431262.4
            },
            {
              "year": 2022,
              "RUS": 11.39,
              "NOR": 20.14,
              "USA": 11.14,
              "SAU": 4.25,
              "QAT": 2.61,
              "Other": 50.46,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 798093.1
            },
            {
              "year": 2023,
              "RUS": 1.84,
              "NOR": 14.9,
              "USA": 14.38,
              "SAU": 5.21,
              "QAT": 1.73,
              "Other": 61.95,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 562390.4
            },
            {
              "year": 2024,
              "RUS": 1.78,
              "NOR": 15.03,
              "USA": 16.1,
              "SAU": 4.93,
              "QAT": 0.9,
              "Other": 61.26,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 511588.3
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "iso3": "DEU",
          "name": "Germany",
          "code": 276,
          "rows": [
            {
              "year": 2018,
              "RUS": 23.51,
              "NOR": 22.53,
              "USA": 3.42,
              "SAU": 0.98,
              "QAT": 0.36,
              "Other": 49.2,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 75427.9
            },
            {
              "year": 2019,
              "RUS": 21.45,
              "NOR": 18.96,
              "USA": 3.96,
              "SAU": 1.18,
              "QAT": 0.29,
              "Other": 54.17,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 65916.9
            },
            {
              "year": 2020,
              "RUS": 20.99,
              "NOR": 16.81,
              "USA": 8.36,
              "SAU": 1.28,
              "QAT": 0.28,
              "Other": 52.28,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 45768.5
            },
            {
              "year": 2021,
              "RUS": 14.96,
              "NOR": 36.06,
              "USA": 5.93,
              "SAU": 0.59,
              "QAT": 0.43,
              "Other": 42.03,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 88758.0
            },
            {
              "year": 2022,
              "RUS": 10.81,
              "NOR": 40.38,
              "USA": 2.98,
              "SAU": 0.92,
              "QAT": 0.27,
              "Other": 44.64,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 174774.0
            },
            {
              "year": 2023,
              "RUS": 0.7,
              "NOR": 27.25,
              "USA": 11.23,
              "SAU": 1.75,
              "QAT": 0.54,
              "Other": 58.54,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 104945.1
            },
            {
              "year": 2024,
              "RUS": 0.01,
              "NOR": 27.13,
              "USA": 13.67,
              "SAU": 1.32,
              "QAT": 0.44,
              "Other": 57.44,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 91561.3
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "iso3": "ITA",
          "name": "Italy",
          "code": 380,
          "rows": [
            {
              "year": 2018,
              "RUS": 19.7,
              "NOR": 1.94,
              "USA": 2.05,
              "SAU": 7.68,
              "QAT": 2.45,
              "Other": 66.18,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 68197.4
            },
            {
              "year": 2019,
              "RUS": 20.02,
              "NOR": 1.56,
              "USA": 1.74,
              "SAU": 6.12,
              "QAT": 2.04,
              "Other": 68.52,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 58344.9
            },
            {
              "year": 2020,
              "RUS": 26.44,
              "NOR": 3.32,
              "USA": 2.93,
              "SAU": 8.49,
              "QAT": 2.85,
              "Other": 55.97,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 34421.4
            },
            {
              "year": 2021,
              "RUS": 24.29,
              "NOR": 2.32,
              "USA": 2.08,
              "SAU": 7.39,
              "QAT": 3.34,
              "Other": 60.59,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 65027.4
            },
            {
              "year": 2022,
              "RUS": 18.08,
              "NOR": 4.67,
              "USA": 3.64,
              "SAU": 5.31,
              "QAT": 4.59,
              "Other": 63.72,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 128994.8
            },
            {
              "year": 2023,
              "RUS": 2.03,
              "NOR": 4.23,
              "USA": 8.56,
              "SAU": 6.58,
              "QAT": 3.44,
              "Other": 75.17,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 86656.6
            },
            {
              "year": 2024,
              "RUS": 2.99,
              "NOR": 3.82,
              "USA": 6.64,
              "SAU": 6.48,
              "QAT": 3.14,
              "Other": 76.92,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 72314.3
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "iso3": "FRA",
          "name": "France",
          "code": 251,
          "rows": [
            {
              "year": 2018,
              "RUS": 10.45,
              "NOR": 9.75,
              "USA": 4.44,
              "SAU": 10.54,
              "QAT": 0.71,
              "Other": 64.11,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 70241.1
            },
            {
              "year": 2019,
              "RUS": 10.98,
              "NOR": 7.7,
              "USA": 6.49,
              "SAU": 11.55,
              "QAT": 1.03,
              "Other": 62.25,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 62350.2
            },
            {
              "year": 2020,
              "RUS": 11.17,
              "NOR": 7.65,
              "USA": 8.81,
              "SAU": 7.46,
              "QAT": 1.12,
              "Other": 63.8,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 35864.5
            },
            {
              "year": 2021,
              "RUS": 13.3,
              "NOR": 3.0,
              "USA": 8.53,
              "SAU": 5.86,
              "QAT": 0.91,
              "Other": 68.39,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 63062.8
            },
            {
              "year": 2022,
              "RUS": 11.31,
              "NOR": 19.64,
              "USA": 12.64,
              "SAU": 5.6,
              "QAT": 3.01,
              "Other": 47.8,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 122571.4
            },
            {
              "year": 2023,
              "RUS": 2.32,
              "NOR": 9.57,
              "USA": 12.53,
              "SAU": 5.42,
              "QAT": 1.26,
              "Other": 68.91,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 101438.8
            },
            {
              "year": 2024,
              "RUS": 3.54,
              "NOR": 9.23,
              "USA": 14.89,
              "SAU": 4.45,
              "QAT": 0.25,
              "Other": 67.64,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 94538.3
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "iso3": "NLD",
          "name": "Netherlands",
          "code": 528,
          "rows": [
            {
              "year": 2018,
              "RUS": 31.68,
              "NOR": 7.3,
              "USA": 3.74,
              "SAU": 2.1,
              "QAT": 0.34,
              "Other": 54.85,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 92759.3
            },
            {
              "year": 2019,
              "RUS": 33.68,
              "NOR": 6.87,
              "USA": 6.04,
              "SAU": 1.92,
              "QAT": 0.44,
              "Other": 51.04,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 88279.6
            },
            {
              "year": 2020,
              "RUS": 22.14,
              "NOR": 5.23,
              "USA": 10.14,
              "SAU": 2.24,
              "QAT": 0.46,
              "Other": 59.8,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 55645.4
            },
            {
              "year": 2021,
              "RUS": 27.93,
              "NOR": 6.46,
              "USA": 9.53,
              "SAU": 2.44,
              "QAT": 0.53,
              "Other": 53.1,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 85036.8
            },
            {
              "year": 2022,
              "RUS": 12.35,
              "NOR": 6.07,
              "USA": 13.95,
              "SAU": 4.26,
              "QAT": 1.05,
              "Other": 62.32,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 132665.2
            },
            {
              "year": 2023,
              "RUS": 2.14,
              "NOR": 7.1,
              "USA": 18.75,
              "SAU": 3.15,
              "QAT": 2.52,
              "Other": 66.34,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 104303.9
            },
            {
              "year": 2024,
              "RUS": 1.5,
              "NOR": 10.23,
              "USA": 20.33,
              "SAU": 3.12,
              "QAT": 0.96,
              "Other": 63.87,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 98597.9
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "iso3": "POL",
          "name": "Poland",
          "code": 616,
          "rows": [
            {
              "year": 2018,
              "RUS": 62.37,
              "NOR": 3.0,
              "USA": 2.47,
              "SAU": 6.13,
              "QAT": 0.0,
              "Other": 26.03,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 17053.0
            },
            {
              "year": 2019,
              "RUS": 50.96,
              "NOR": 1.94,
              "USA": 3.42,
              "SAU": 11.34,
              "QAT": 4.65,
              "Other": 27.69,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 15753.9
            },
            {
              "year": 2020,
              "RUS": 57.12,
              "NOR": 1.94,
              "USA": 2.63,
              "SAU": 12.0,
              "QAT": 0.0,
              "Other": 26.31,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 9687.5
            },
            {
              "year": 2021,
              "RUS": 51.17,
              "NOR": 3.96,
              "USA": 3.13,
              "SAU": 14.31,
              "QAT": 0.0,
              "Other": 27.44,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 15659.2
            },
            {
              "year": 2022,
              "RUS": 32.42,
              "NOR": 7.75,
              "USA": 12.1,
              "SAU": 20.53,
              "QAT": 0.0,
              "Other": 27.19,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 27950.7
            },
            {
              "year": 2023,
              "RUS": 2.57,
              "NOR": 23.09,
              "USA": 9.74,
              "SAU": 29.38,
              "QAT": 0.01,
              "Other": 35.21,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 25278.0
            },
            {
              "year": 2024,
              "RUS": 0.0,
              "NOR": 20.48,
              "USA": 15.96,
              "SAU": 33.31,
              "QAT": 0.09,
              "Other": 30.16,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 24436.6
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "iso3": "ESP",
          "name": "Spain",
          "code": 724,
          "rows": [
            {
              "year": 2018,
              "RUS": 3.96,
              "NOR": 2.85,
              "USA": 2.35,
              "SAU": 9.6,
              "QAT": 1.79,
              "Other": 79.45,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 49472.9
            },
            {
              "year": 2019,
              "RUS": 5.51,
              "NOR": 3.11,
              "USA": 5.76,
              "SAU": 8.85,
              "QAT": 1.91,
              "Other": 74.87,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 45561.3
            },
            {
              "year": 2020,
              "RUS": 6.5,
              "NOR": 2.19,
              "USA": 8.76,
              "SAU": 7.47,
              "QAT": 1.38,
              "Other": 73.69,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 27207.1
            },
            {
              "year": 2021,
              "RUS": 11.33,
              "NOR": 1.37,
              "USA": 10.78,
              "SAU": 4.99,
              "QAT": 1.27,
              "Other": 70.26,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 48994.2
            },
            {
              "year": 2022,
              "RUS": 7.84,
              "NOR": 0.96,
              "USA": 17.69,
              "SAU": 5.12,
              "QAT": 0.95,
              "Other": 67.45,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 84833.9
            },
            {
              "year": 2023,
              "RUS": 4.32,
              "NOR": 1.36,
              "USA": 16.01,
              "SAU": 4.92,
              "QAT": 0.73,
              "Other": 72.66,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 60220.1
            },
            {
              "year": 2024,
              "RUS": 3.77,
              "NOR": 1.28,
              "USA": 15.73,
              "SAU": 4.69,
              "QAT": 0.6,
              "Other": 73.94,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 55920.0
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "iso3": "GBR",
          "name": "United Kingdom",
          "code": 826,
          "rows": [
            {
              "year": 2018,
              "RUS": 7.77,
              "NOR": 35.57,
              "USA": 8.64,
              "SAU": 3.69,
              "QAT": 1.83,
              "Other": 42.5,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 64480.3
            },
            {
              "year": 2019,
              "RUS": 10.08,
              "NOR": 31.14,
              "USA": 12.66,
              "SAU": 3.93,
              "QAT": 3.34,
              "Other": 38.85,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 54475.9
            },
            {
              "year": 2020,
              "RUS": 11.25,
              "NOR": 33.88,
              "USA": 16.44,
              "SAU": 2.87,
              "QAT": 3.01,
              "Other": 32.56,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 32158.8
            },
            {
              "year": 2021,
              "RUS": 8.59,
              "NOR": 49.49,
              "USA": 12.47,
              "SAU": 1.2,
              "QAT": 3.48,
              "Other": 24.76,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 64724.0
            },
            {
              "year": 2022,
              "RUS": 2.17,
              "NOR": 38.82,
              "USA": 21.08,
              "SAU": 2.28,
              "QAT": 6.77,
              "Other": 28.87,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 126303.0
            },
            {
              "year": 2023,
              "RUS": 0.0,
              "NOR": 34.88,
              "USA": 21.78,
              "SAU": 3.24,
              "QAT": 2.31,
              "Other": 37.8,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 79547.9
            },
            {
              "year": 2024,
              "RUS": 0.0,
              "NOR": 33.37,
              "USA": 24.53,
              "SAU": 1.74,
              "QAT": 0.55,
              "Other": 39.8,
              "totalImportsUsdMillions": 74219.8
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    "source-region-flow": {
      "component": "PartnerMap",
      "title": "Schematic energy flows: source countries to European importers, 2021 vs 2024",
      "unit": "millions_usd",
      "years": [
        2021,
        2024
      ],
      "source": "CEPII BACI HS92 (trade_2021.parquet, trade_2024.parquet); source-country energy imports of the 7 European buyers",
      "caveatIds": [
        "route-proxy",
        "baci-annual-not-monthly",
        "gas-code-not-pipeline",
        "baci-country-codes",
        "hs92-compatible-history"
      ],
      "note": "Schematic origin-to-destination links by measured source country, NOT shipping routes. Arc/line endpoints are source country and importing country; the dataset does not observe vessels, pipelines, or sea lanes. No war imagery; the map orients only.",
      "data": {
        "exporters": [
          {
            "code": 842,
            "iso3": "USA",
            "name": "USA",
            "role": "energy_source",
            "toEuropeUsdMillions2021": 33941.7,
            "toEuropeUsdMillions2024": 82340.2
          },
          {
            "code": 579,
            "iso3": "NOR",
            "name": "Norway",
            "role": "energy_source",
            "toEuropeUsdMillions2021": 74227.3,
            "toEuropeUsdMillions2024": 76910.3
          },
          {
            "code": 56,
            "iso3": "BEL",
            "name": "Belgium",
            "role": "energy_source",
            "toEuropeUsdMillions2021": 31347.2,
            "toEuropeUsdMillions2024": 41642.1
          },
          {
            "code": 12,
            "iso3": "DZA",
            "name": "Algeria",
            "role": "energy_source",
            "toEuropeUsdMillions2021": 19085.3,
            "toEuropeUsdMillions2024": 26539.2
          },
          {
            "code": 682,
            "iso3": "SAU",
            "name": "Saudi Arabia",
            "role": "energy_source",
            "toEuropeUsdMillions2021": 16566.6,
            "toEuropeUsdMillions2024": 25225.8
          },
          {
            "code": 528,
            "iso3": "NLD",
            "name": "Netherlands",
            "role": "energy_source",
            "toEuropeUsdMillions2021": 22472.7,
            "toEuropeUsdMillions2024": 25134.0
          },
          {
            "code": 434,
            "iso3": "LBY",
            "name": "Libya",
            "role": "energy_source",
            "toEuropeUsdMillions2021": 19692.8,
            "toEuropeUsdMillions2024": 20385.6
          },
          {
            "code": 398,
            "iso3": "KAZ",
            "name": "Kazakhstan",
            "role": "energy_source",
            "toEuropeUsdMillions2021": 11347.2,
            "toEuropeUsdMillions2024": 19408.1
          },
          {
            "code": 566,
            "iso3": "NGA",
            "name": "Nigeria",
            "role": "energy_source",
            "toEuropeUsdMillions2021": 17230.3,
            "toEuropeUsdMillions2024": 17558.4
          },
          {
            "code": 643,
            "iso3": "RUS",
            "name": "Russian Federation",
            "role": "energy_source",
            "toEuropeUsdMillions2021": 80334.0,
            "toEuropeUsdMillions2024": 9102.2
          },
          {
            "code": 634,
            "iso3": "QAT",
            "name": "Qatar",
            "role": "energy_source",
            "toEuropeUsdMillions2021": 6455.6,
            "toEuropeUsdMillions2024": 4617.0
          }
        ],
        "importers": [
          {
            "code": 276,
            "iso3": "DEU",
            "name": "Germany",
            "role": "european_importer",
            "totalEnergyImportsUsdMillions2021": 88758.0,
            "totalEnergyImportsUsdMillions2024": 91561.3,
            "russiaSharePct2021": 15.0,
            "russiaSharePct2024": 0.0
          },
          {
            "code": 380,
            "iso3": "ITA",
            "name": "Italy",
            "role": "european_importer",
            "totalEnergyImportsUsdMillions2021": 65027.4,
            "totalEnergyImportsUsdMillions2024": 72314.3,
            "russiaSharePct2021": 24.3,
            "russiaSharePct2024": 3.0
          },
          {
            "code": 251,
            "iso3": "FRA",
            "name": "France",
            "role": "european_importer",
            "totalEnergyImportsUsdMillions2021": 63062.8,
            "totalEnergyImportsUsdMillions2024": 94538.3,
            "russiaSharePct2021": 13.3,
            "russiaSharePct2024": 3.5
          },
          {
            "code": 528,
            "iso3": "NLD",
            "name": "Netherlands",
            "role": "european_importer",
            "totalEnergyImportsUsdMillions2021": 85036.8,
            "totalEnergyImportsUsdMillions2024": 98597.9,
            "russiaSharePct2021": 27.9,
            "russiaSharePct2024": 1.5
          },
          {
            "code": 616,
            "iso3": "POL",
            "name": "Poland",
            "role": "european_importer",
            "totalEnergyImportsUsdMillions2021": 15659.2,
            "totalEnergyImportsUsdMillions2024": 24436.6,
            "russiaSharePct2021": 51.2,
            "russiaSharePct2024": 0.0
          },
          {
            "code": 724,
            "iso3": "ESP",
            "name": "Spain",
            "role": "european_importer",
            "totalEnergyImportsUsdMillions2021": 48994.2,
            "totalEnergyImportsUsdMillions2024": 55920.0,
            "russiaSharePct2021": 11.3,
            "russiaSharePct2024": 3.8
          },
          {
            "code": 826,
            "iso3": "GBR",
            "name": "United Kingdom",
            "role": "european_importer",
            "totalEnergyImportsUsdMillions2021": 64724.0,
            "totalEnergyImportsUsdMillions2024": 74219.8,
            "russiaSharePct2021": 8.6,
            "russiaSharePct2024": 0.0
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "lng-vs-gaseous": {
      "component": "ConcentrationMatrix",
      "title": "LNG (271111) vs gaseous natural gas (271121) into Europe (7 importers), 2018-2024",
      "unit": "millions_usd",
      "years": [
        2018,
        2019,
        2020,
        2021,
        2022,
        2023,
        2024
      ],
      "source": "CEPII BACI HS92 (trade_2018..2024.parquet); Europe(7) imports split by HS6 271111 vs 271121",
      "caveatIds": [
        "gas-code-not-pipeline",
        "route-proxy",
        "baci-annual-not-monthly",
        "hs92-compatible-history",
        "baci-country-codes"
      ],
      "note": "HS6 271111 (liquefied) and 271121 (gaseous state) are PRODUCT-STATE codes, NOT physical infrastructure. 'Gaseous' is a proxy for pipeline-type trade but does not identify any pipeline; 'LNG' does not confirm a terminal shipment. Values are measured imports.",
      "data": [
        {
          "year": 2018,
          "lngImportsUsdMillions": 13806.3,
          "gaseousImportsUsdMillions": 64848.0,
          "lng_USA_sharePct": 4.8,
          "lng_QAT_sharePct": 23.8,
          "lng_RUS_sharePct": 8.0,
          "gaseous_RUS_sharePct": 13.9,
          "gaseous_NOR_sharePct": 44.8
        },
        {
          "year": 2019,
          "lngImportsUsdMillions": 19926.6,
          "gaseousImportsUsdMillions": 43239.1,
          "lng_USA_sharePct": 14.1,
          "lng_QAT_sharePct": 21.7,
          "lng_RUS_sharePct": 11.9,
          "gaseous_RUS_sharePct": 15.1,
          "gaseous_NOR_sharePct": 40.0
        },
        {
          "year": 2020,
          "lngImportsUsdMillions": 11827.6,
          "gaseousImportsUsdMillions": 27087.8,
          "lng_USA_sharePct": 24.4,
          "lng_QAT_sharePct": 18.9,
          "lng_RUS_sharePct": 15.2,
          "gaseous_RUS_sharePct": 15.8,
          "gaseous_NOR_sharePct": 43.0
        },
        {
          "year": 2021,
          "lngImportsUsdMillions": 27861.7,
          "gaseousImportsUsdMillions": 96235.8,
          "lng_USA_sharePct": 27.9,
          "lng_QAT_sharePct": 19.9,
          "lng_RUS_sharePct": 20.9,
          "gaseous_RUS_sharePct": 12.5,
          "gaseous_NOR_sharePct": 51.8
        },
        {
          "year": 2022,
          "lngImportsUsdMillions": 105892.1,
          "gaseousImportsUsdMillions": 231240.3,
          "lng_USA_sharePct": 39.9,
          "lng_QAT_sharePct": 17.8,
          "lng_RUS_sharePct": 13.6,
          "gaseous_RUS_sharePct": 5.9,
          "gaseous_NOR_sharePct": 53.1
        },
        {
          "year": 2023,
          "lngImportsUsdMillions": 53178.7,
          "gaseousImportsUsdMillions": 116632.2,
          "lng_USA_sharePct": 41.3,
          "lng_QAT_sharePct": 13.2,
          "lng_RUS_sharePct": 11.8,
          "gaseous_RUS_sharePct": 1.3,
          "gaseous_NOR_sharePct": 40.8
        },
        {
          "year": 2024,
          "lngImportsUsdMillions": 37365.6,
          "gaseousImportsUsdMillions": 88348.2,
          "lng_USA_sharePct": 49.0,
          "lng_QAT_sharePct": 7.5,
          "lng_RUS_sharePct": 16.9,
          "gaseous_RUS_sharePct": 2.4,
          "gaseous_NOR_sharePct": 46.3
        }
      ]
    },
    "country-cards": {
      "component": "ConcentrationRiskPanel",
      "title": "Energy import source mix: Germany, Italy, Poland, Netherlands, 2021 vs 2024",
      "unit": "percent",
      "years": [
        2021,
        2023,
        2024
      ],
      "source": "CEPII BACI HS92 (trade_2021/2023/2024.parquet); per-country source shares of the 4 energy products",
      "caveatIds": [
        "route-proxy",
        "baci-annual-not-monthly",
        "gas-code-not-pipeline",
        "validate-source-continuity",
        "baci-country-codes",
        "hs92-compatible-history"
      ],
      "note": "Per-country source-mix cards. Russia share shown for 2021/2023/2024 to bracket the shift; top 2024 sources listed by measured value. Source country is measured, route is not.",
      "data": [
        {
          "code": 276,
          "iso3": "DEU",
          "name": "Germany",
          "totalEnergyImportsUsdMillions2021": 88758.0,
          "totalEnergyImportsUsdMillions2024": 91561.3,
          "russiaSharePct2021": 15.0,
          "russiaSharePct2023": 0.7,
          "russiaSharePct2024": 0.0,
          "usaSharePct2021": 5.9,
          "usaSharePct2024": 13.7,
          "norwaySharePct2024": 27.1,
          "topSources2024": [
            {
              "code": 579,
              "iso3": "NOR",
              "name": "Norway",
              "valueUsdMillions": 24841.5,
              "sharePct": 27.1
            },
            {
              "code": 528,
              "iso3": "NLD",
              "name": "Netherlands",
              "valueUsdMillions": 13296.0,
              "sharePct": 14.5
            },
            {
              "code": 842,
              "iso3": "USA",
              "name": "USA",
              "valueUsdMillions": 12515.6,
              "sharePct": 13.7
            },
            {
              "code": 56,
              "iso3": "BEL",
              "name": "Belgium",
              "valueUsdMillions": 10144.5,
              "sharePct": 11.1
            },
            {
              "code": 826,
              "iso3": "GBR",
              "name": "United Kingdom",
              "valueUsdMillions": 4555.9,
              "sharePct": 5.0
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "code": 380,
          "iso3": "ITA",
          "name": "Italy",
          "totalEnergyImportsUsdMillions2021": 65027.4,
          "totalEnergyImportsUsdMillions2024": 72314.3,
          "russiaSharePct2021": 24.3,
          "russiaSharePct2023": 2.0,
          "russiaSharePct2024": 3.0,
          "usaSharePct2021": 2.1,
          "usaSharePct2024": 6.6,
          "norwaySharePct2024": 3.8,
          "topSources2024": [
            {
              "code": 12,
              "iso3": "DZA",
              "name": "Algeria",
              "valueUsdMillions": 10823.1,
              "sharePct": 15.0
            },
            {
              "code": 31,
              "iso3": "AZE",
              "name": "Azerbaijan",
              "valueUsdMillions": 8579.1,
              "sharePct": 11.9
            },
            {
              "code": 434,
              "iso3": "LBY",
              "name": "Libya",
              "valueUsdMillions": 7423.0,
              "sharePct": 10.3
            },
            {
              "code": 398,
              "iso3": "KAZ",
              "name": "Kazakhstan",
              "valueUsdMillions": 6514.5,
              "sharePct": 9.0
            },
            {
              "code": 251,
              "iso3": "FRA",
              "name": "France",
              "valueUsdMillions": 5347.7,
              "sharePct": 7.4
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "code": 616,
          "iso3": "POL",
          "name": "Poland",
          "totalEnergyImportsUsdMillions2021": 15659.2,
          "totalEnergyImportsUsdMillions2024": 24436.6,
          "russiaSharePct2021": 51.2,
          "russiaSharePct2023": 2.6,
          "russiaSharePct2024": 0.0,
          "usaSharePct2021": 3.1,
          "usaSharePct2024": 16.0,
          "norwaySharePct2024": 20.5,
          "topSources2024": [
            {
              "code": 682,
              "iso3": "SAU",
              "name": "Saudi Arabia",
              "valueUsdMillions": 8139.7,
              "sharePct": 33.3
            },
            {
              "code": 579,
              "iso3": "NOR",
              "name": "Norway",
              "valueUsdMillions": 5004.0,
              "sharePct": 20.5
            },
            {
              "code": 842,
              "iso3": "USA",
              "name": "USA",
              "valueUsdMillions": 3900.0,
              "sharePct": 16.0
            },
            {
              "code": 276,
              "iso3": "DEU",
              "name": "Germany",
              "valueUsdMillions": 2889.5,
              "sharePct": 11.8
            },
            {
              "code": 440,
              "iso3": "LTU",
              "name": "Lithuania",
              "valueUsdMillions": 623.6,
              "sharePct": 2.6
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "code": 528,
          "iso3": "NLD",
          "name": "Netherlands",
          "totalEnergyImportsUsdMillions2021": 85036.8,
          "totalEnergyImportsUsdMillions2024": 98597.9,
          "russiaSharePct2021": 27.9,
          "russiaSharePct2023": 2.1,
          "russiaSharePct2024": 1.5,
          "usaSharePct2021": 9.5,
          "usaSharePct2024": 20.3,
          "norwaySharePct2024": 10.2,
          "topSources2024": [
            {
              "code": 842,
              "iso3": "USA",
              "name": "USA",
              "valueUsdMillions": 20040.3,
              "sharePct": 20.3
            },
            {
              "code": 56,
              "iso3": "BEL",
              "name": "Belgium",
              "valueUsdMillions": 10434.6,
              "sharePct": 10.6
            },
            {
              "code": 579,
              "iso3": "NOR",
              "name": "Norway",
              "valueUsdMillions": 10089.7,
              "sharePct": 10.2
            },
            {
              "code": 826,
              "iso3": "GBR",
              "name": "United Kingdom",
              "valueUsdMillions": 7339.8,
              "sharePct": 7.4
            },
            {
              "code": 398,
              "iso3": "KAZ",
              "name": "Kazakhstan",
              "valueUsdMillions": 4813.3,
              "sharePct": 4.9
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}