{
  "slug": "ai-compute-supply-chain",
  "generatedAt": "2026-06-08",
  "charts": {
    "split-ic-vs-dp": {
      "component": "StackedAreaShares",
      "title": "Integrated circuits vs data-processing machines, 2000-2024",
      "unit": "millions_usd",
      "years": [
        1995,
        1996,
        1997,
        1998,
        1999,
        2000,
        2001,
        2002,
        2003,
        2004,
        2005,
        2006,
        2007,
        2008,
        2009,
        2010,
        2011,
        2012,
        2013,
        2014,
        2015,
        2016,
        2017,
        2018,
        2019,
        2020,
        2021,
        2022,
        2023,
        2024
      ],
      "source": "CEPII BACI (HS92), product_country_year; bilateral matrix from trade_2024.parquet.",
      "caveatIds": [
        "hs92-compatible-history",
        "baci-country-codes",
        "editorial-ai-grouping",
        "taiwan-s19-aggregate"
      ],
      "data": [
        {
          "year": 1995,
          "group": "IC",
          "label": "Integrated circuits",
          "value": 139145.7,
          "sharePct": 41.6
        },
        {
          "year": 1995,
          "group": "DP",
          "label": "Data-processing machines & parts",
          "value": 195312.9,
          "sharePct": 58.4
        },
        {
          "year": 1996,
          "group": "IC",
          "label": "Integrated circuits",
          "value": 139695.0,
          "sharePct": 39.44
        },
        {
          "year": 1996,
          "group": "DP",
          "label": "Data-processing machines & parts",
          "value": 214539.4,
          "sharePct": 60.56
        },
        {
          "year": 1997,
          "group": "IC",
          "label": "Integrated circuits",
          "value": 151278.8,
          "sharePct": 38.39
        },
        {
          "year": 1997,
          "group": "DP",
          "label": "Data-processing machines & parts",
          "value": 242791.3,
          "sharePct": 61.61
        },
        {
          "year": 1998,
          "group": "IC",
          "label": "Integrated circuits",
          "value": 146760.9,
          "sharePct": 36.78
        },
        {
          "year": 1998,
          "group": "DP",
          "label": "Data-processing machines & parts",
          "value": 252244.0,
          "sharePct": 63.22
        },
        {
          "year": 1999,
          "group": "IC",
          "label": "Integrated circuits",
          "value": 170113.3,
          "sharePct": 37.81
        },
        {
          "year": 1999,
          "group": "DP",
          "label": "Data-processing machines & parts",
          "value": 279818.2,
          "sharePct": 62.19
        },
        {
          "year": 2000,
          "group": "IC",
          "label": "Integrated circuits",
          "value": 221833.4,
          "sharePct": 40.78
        },
        {
          "year": 2000,
          "group": "DP",
          "label": "Data-processing machines & parts",
          "value": 322165.6,
          "sharePct": 59.22
        },
        {
          "year": 2001,
          "group": "IC",
          "label": "Integrated circuits",
          "value": 179454.7,
          "sharePct": 37.82
        },
        {
          "year": 2001,
          "group": "DP",
          "label": "Data-processing machines & parts",
          "value": 295001.1,
          "sharePct": 62.18
        },
        {
          "year": 2002,
          "group": "IC",
          "label": "Integrated circuits",
          "value": 187092.3,
          "sharePct": 38.29
        },
        {
          "year": 2002,
          "group": "DP",
          "label": "Data-processing machines & parts",
          "value": 301484.3,
          "sharePct": 61.71
        },
        {
          "year": 2003,
          "group": "IC",
          "label": "Integrated circuits",
          "value": 222171.6,
          "sharePct": 39.78
        },
        {
          "year": 2003,
          "group": "DP",
          "label": "Data-processing machines & parts",
          "value": 336375.3,
          "sharePct": 60.22
        },
        {
          "year": 2004,
          "group": "IC",
          "label": "Integrated circuits",
          "value": 269524.2,
          "sharePct": 41.15
        },
        {
          "year": 2004,
          "group": "DP",
          "label": "Data-processing machines & parts",
          "value": 385526.3,
          "sharePct": 58.85
        },
        {
          "year": 2005,
          "group": "IC",
          "label": "Integrated circuits",
          "value": 284916.1,
          "sharePct": 40.68
        },
        {
          "year": 2005,
          "group": "DP",
          "label": "Data-processing machines & parts",
          "value": 415547.7,
          "sharePct": 59.32
        },
        {
          "year": 2006,
          "group": "IC",
          "label": "Integrated circuits",
          "value": 316711.1,
          "sharePct": 41.28
        },
        {
          "year": 2006,
          "group": "DP",
          "label": "Data-processing machines & parts",
          "value": 450493.9,
          "sharePct": 58.72
        },
        {
          "year": 2007,
          "group": "IC",
          "label": "Integrated circuits",
          "value": 440932.7,
          "sharePct": 52.33
        },
        {
          "year": 2007,
          "group": "DP",
          "label": "Data-processing machines & parts",
          "value": 401670.4,
          "sharePct": 47.67
        },
        {
          "year": 2008,
          "group": "IC",
          "label": "Integrated circuits",
          "value": 412001.3,
          "sharePct": 50.42
        },
        {
          "year": 2008,
          "group": "DP",
          "label": "Data-processing machines & parts",
          "value": 405087.1,
          "sharePct": 49.58
        },
        {
          "year": 2009,
          "group": "IC",
          "label": "Integrated circuits",
          "value": 339478.4,
          "sharePct": 50.28
        },
        {
          "year": 2009,
          "group": "DP",
          "label": "Data-processing machines & parts",
          "value": 335639.8,
          "sharePct": 49.72
        },
        {
          "year": 2010,
          "group": "IC",
          "label": "Integrated circuits",
          "value": 398467.6,
          "sharePct": 49.05
        },
        {
          "year": 2010,
          "group": "DP",
          "label": "Data-processing machines & parts",
          "value": 413985.2,
          "sharePct": 50.95
        },
        {
          "year": 2011,
          "group": "IC",
          "label": "Integrated circuits",
          "value": 415952.1,
          "sharePct": 49.61
        },
        {
          "year": 2011,
          "group": "DP",
          "label": "Data-processing machines & parts",
          "value": 422519.3,
          "sharePct": 50.39
        },
        {
          "year": 2012,
          "group": "IC",
          "label": "Integrated circuits",
          "value": 411675.7,
          "sharePct": 46.81
        },
        {
          "year": 2012,
          "group": "DP",
          "label": "Data-processing machines & parts",
          "value": 467753.6,
          "sharePct": 53.19
        },
        {
          "year": 2013,
          "group": "IC",
          "label": "Integrated circuits",
          "value": 433707.7,
          "sharePct": 50.02
        },
        {
          "year": 2013,
          "group": "DP",
          "label": "Data-processing machines & parts",
          "value": 433307.8,
          "sharePct": 49.98
        },
        {
          "year": 2014,
          "group": "IC",
          "label": "Integrated circuits",
          "value": 440403.9,
          "sharePct": 50.08
        },
        {
          "year": 2014,
          "group": "DP",
          "label": "Data-processing machines & parts",
          "value": 439032.2,
          "sharePct": 49.92
        },
        {
          "year": 2015,
          "group": "IC",
          "label": "Integrated circuits",
          "value": 456579.9,
          "sharePct": 53.2
        },
        {
          "year": 2015,
          "group": "DP",
          "label": "Data-processing machines & parts",
          "value": 401645.4,
          "sharePct": 46.8
        },
        {
          "year": 2016,
          "group": "IC",
          "label": "Integrated circuits",
          "value": 482909.7,
          "sharePct": 56.71
        },
        {
          "year": 2016,
          "group": "DP",
          "label": "Data-processing machines & parts",
          "value": 368593.3,
          "sharePct": 43.29
        },
        {
          "year": 2017,
          "group": "IC",
          "label": "Integrated circuits",
          "value": 697293.3,
          "sharePct": 61.47
        },
        {
          "year": 2017,
          "group": "DP",
          "label": "Data-processing machines & parts",
          "value": 437097.4,
          "sharePct": 38.53
        },
        {
          "year": 2018,
          "group": "IC",
          "label": "Integrated circuits",
          "value": 688194.4,
          "sharePct": 59.58
        },
        {
          "year": 2018,
          "group": "DP",
          "label": "Data-processing machines & parts",
          "value": 466969.5,
          "sharePct": 40.42
        },
        {
          "year": 2019,
          "group": "IC",
          "label": "Integrated circuits",
          "value": 669452.5,
          "sharePct": 60.06
        },
        {
          "year": 2019,
          "group": "DP",
          "label": "Data-processing machines & parts",
          "value": 445226.4,
          "sharePct": 39.94
        },
        {
          "year": 2020,
          "group": "IC",
          "label": "Integrated circuits",
          "value": 728340.7,
          "sharePct": 59.99
        },
        {
          "year": 2020,
          "group": "DP",
          "label": "Data-processing machines & parts",
          "value": 485804.0,
          "sharePct": 40.01
        },
        {
          "year": 2021,
          "group": "IC",
          "label": "Integrated circuits",
          "value": 900484.1,
          "sharePct": 60.99
        },
        {
          "year": 2021,
          "group": "DP",
          "label": "Data-processing machines & parts",
          "value": 575972.8,
          "sharePct": 39.01
        },
        {
          "year": 2022,
          "group": "IC",
          "label": "Integrated circuits",
          "value": 998583.4,
          "sharePct": 63.95
        },
        {
          "year": 2022,
          "group": "DP",
          "label": "Data-processing machines & parts",
          "value": 562925.0,
          "sharePct": 36.05
        },
        {
          "year": 2023,
          "group": "IC",
          "label": "Integrated circuits",
          "value": 880567.5,
          "sharePct": 64.56
        },
        {
          "year": 2023,
          "group": "DP",
          "label": "Data-processing machines & parts",
          "value": 483488.2,
          "sharePct": 35.44
        },
        {
          "year": 2024,
          "group": "IC",
          "label": "Integrated circuits",
          "value": 967552.7,
          "sharePct": 62.28
        },
        {
          "year": 2024,
          "group": "DP",
          "label": "Data-processing machines & parts",
          "value": 585971.4,
          "sharePct": 37.72
        }
      ]
    },
    "exporter-share-bars-2024": {
      "component": "ConcentrationMatrix",
      "title": "Top exporters by product group, 2024 (share of group world exports)",
      "unit": "percent",
      "years": [
        2024
      ],
      "source": "CEPII BACI (HS92), product_country_year; bilateral matrix from trade_2024.parquet.",
      "caveatIds": [
        "hs92-compatible-history",
        "baci-country-codes",
        "editorial-ai-grouping",
        "taiwan-s19-aggregate",
        "route-proxy"
      ],
      "data": [
        {
          "group": "IC",
          "groupLabel": "Integrated circuits",
          "iso3": "S19",
          "name": "Other Asia, nes",
          "value": 231386.5,
          "sharePct": 23.9,
          "rank": 1
        },
        {
          "group": "IC",
          "groupLabel": "Integrated circuits",
          "iso3": "CHN",
          "name": "China",
          "value": 170274.7,
          "sharePct": 17.6,
          "rank": 2
        },
        {
          "group": "IC",
          "groupLabel": "Integrated circuits",
          "iso3": "KOR",
          "name": "Rep. of Korea",
          "value": 166632.1,
          "sharePct": 17.2,
          "rank": 3
        },
        {
          "group": "IC",
          "groupLabel": "Integrated circuits",
          "iso3": "MYS",
          "name": "Malaysia",
          "value": 80447.8,
          "sharePct": 8.3,
          "rank": 4
        },
        {
          "group": "IC",
          "groupLabel": "Integrated circuits",
          "iso3": "SGP",
          "name": "Singapore",
          "value": 68993.2,
          "sharePct": 7.1,
          "rank": 5
        },
        {
          "group": "IC",
          "groupLabel": "Integrated circuits",
          "iso3": "JPN",
          "name": "Japan",
          "value": 50286.0,
          "sharePct": 5.2,
          "rank": 6
        },
        {
          "group": "IC",
          "groupLabel": "Integrated circuits",
          "iso3": "ROW",
          "name": "Rest of world",
          "value": 199532.4,
          "sharePct": 20.6,
          "rank": 99
        },
        {
          "group": "DP",
          "groupLabel": "Data-processing machines & parts",
          "iso3": "CHN",
          "name": "China",
          "value": 237262.2,
          "sharePct": 40.5,
          "rank": 1
        },
        {
          "group": "DP",
          "groupLabel": "Data-processing machines & parts",
          "iso3": "S19",
          "name": "Other Asia, nes",
          "value": 81152.4,
          "sharePct": 13.8,
          "rank": 2
        },
        {
          "group": "DP",
          "groupLabel": "Data-processing machines & parts",
          "iso3": "VNM",
          "name": "Viet Nam",
          "value": 59533.8,
          "sharePct": 10.2,
          "rank": 3
        },
        {
          "group": "DP",
          "groupLabel": "Data-processing machines & parts",
          "iso3": "THA",
          "name": "Thailand",
          "value": 26696.8,
          "sharePct": 4.6,
          "rank": 4
        },
        {
          "group": "DP",
          "groupLabel": "Data-processing machines & parts",
          "iso3": "KOR",
          "name": "Rep. of Korea",
          "value": 23767.0,
          "sharePct": 4.1,
          "rank": 5
        },
        {
          "group": "DP",
          "groupLabel": "Data-processing machines & parts",
          "iso3": "USA",
          "name": "USA",
          "value": 22494.8,
          "sharePct": 3.8,
          "rank": 6
        },
        {
          "group": "DP",
          "groupLabel": "Data-processing machines & parts",
          "iso3": "ROW",
          "name": "Rest of world",
          "value": 135064.3,
          "sharePct": 23.0,
          "rank": 99
        },
        {
          "group": "OPT",
          "groupLabel": "Optical fibre & optics",
          "iso3": "CHN",
          "name": "China",
          "value": 6866.8,
          "sharePct": 28.7,
          "rank": 1
        },
        {
          "group": "OPT",
          "groupLabel": "Optical fibre & optics",
          "iso3": "USA",
          "name": "USA",
          "value": 2889.8,
          "sharePct": 12.1,
          "rank": 2
        },
        {
          "group": "OPT",
          "groupLabel": "Optical fibre & optics",
          "iso3": "JPN",
          "name": "Japan",
          "value": 1796.7,
          "sharePct": 7.5,
          "rank": 3
        },
        {
          "group": "OPT",
          "groupLabel": "Optical fibre & optics",
          "iso3": "MEX",
          "name": "Mexico",
          "value": 1729.0,
          "sharePct": 7.2,
          "rank": 4
        },
        {
          "group": "OPT",
          "groupLabel": "Optical fibre & optics",
          "iso3": "S19",
          "name": "Other Asia, nes",
          "value": 1302.2,
          "sharePct": 5.4,
          "rank": 5
        },
        {
          "group": "OPT",
          "groupLabel": "Optical fibre & optics",
          "iso3": "DEU",
          "name": "Germany",
          "value": 1209.1,
          "sharePct": 5.0,
          "rank": 6
        },
        {
          "group": "OPT",
          "groupLabel": "Optical fibre & optics",
          "iso3": "ROW",
          "name": "Rest of world",
          "value": 8162.5,
          "sharePct": 34.1,
          "rank": 99
        },
        {
          "group": "AI",
          "groupLabel": "AI compute hardware (IC + DP)",
          "iso3": "CHN",
          "name": "China",
          "value": 407536.9,
          "sharePct": 26.2,
          "rank": 1
        },
        {
          "group": "AI",
          "groupLabel": "AI compute hardware (IC + DP)",
          "iso3": "S19",
          "name": "Other Asia, nes",
          "value": 312539.0,
          "sharePct": 20.1,
          "rank": 2
        },
        {
          "group": "AI",
          "groupLabel": "AI compute hardware (IC + DP)",
          "iso3": "KOR",
          "name": "Rep. of Korea",
          "value": 190399.1,
          "sharePct": 12.3,
          "rank": 3
        },
        {
          "group": "AI",
          "groupLabel": "AI compute hardware (IC + DP)",
          "iso3": "MYS",
          "name": "Malaysia",
          "value": 95133.4,
          "sharePct": 6.1,
          "rank": 4
        },
        {
          "group": "AI",
          "groupLabel": "AI compute hardware (IC + DP)",
          "iso3": "VNM",
          "name": "Viet Nam",
          "value": 91470.1,
          "sharePct": 5.9,
          "rank": 5
        },
        {
          "group": "AI",
          "groupLabel": "AI compute hardware (IC + DP)",
          "iso3": "SGP",
          "name": "Singapore",
          "value": 75699.2,
          "sharePct": 4.9,
          "rank": 6
        },
        {
          "group": "AI",
          "groupLabel": "AI compute hardware (IC + DP)",
          "iso3": "ROW",
          "name": "Rest of world",
          "value": 380746.5,
          "sharePct": 24.5,
          "rank": 99
        }
      ]
    },
    "concentration-over-time": {
      "component": "ConcentrationMatrix",
      "title": "Exporter concentration over time: HHI and top-exporter share",
      "unit": "index",
      "years": [
        1995,
        1996,
        1997,
        1998,
        1999,
        2000,
        2001,
        2002,
        2003,
        2004,
        2005,
        2006,
        2007,
        2008,
        2009,
        2010,
        2011,
        2012,
        2013,
        2014,
        2015,
        2016,
        2017,
        2018,
        2019,
        2020,
        2021,
        2022,
        2023,
        2024
      ],
      "source": "CEPII BACI (HS92), product_country_year; bilateral matrix from trade_2024.parquet.",
      "caveatIds": [
        "hs92-compatible-history",
        "baci-country-codes",
        "editorial-ai-grouping",
        "taiwan-s19-aggregate"
      ],
      "data": [
        {
          "group": "IC",
          "groupLabel": "Integrated circuits",
          "year": 1995,
          "hhi": 0.1182,
          "topExporterIso3": "USA",
          "topExporterName": "USA",
          "topExporterSharePct": 20.0
        },
        {
          "group": "IC",
          "groupLabel": "Integrated circuits",
          "year": 1996,
          "hhi": 0.1068,
          "topExporterIso3": "USA",
          "topExporterName": "USA",
          "topExporterSharePct": 20.2
        },
        {
          "group": "IC",
          "groupLabel": "Integrated circuits",
          "year": 1997,
          "hhi": 0.1045,
          "topExporterIso3": "USA",
          "topExporterName": "USA",
          "topExporterSharePct": 21.0
        },
        {
          "group": "IC",
          "groupLabel": "Integrated circuits",
          "year": 1998,
          "hhi": 0.1033,
          "topExporterIso3": "USA",
          "topExporterName": "USA",
          "topExporterSharePct": 21.8
        },
        {
          "group": "IC",
          "groupLabel": "Integrated circuits",
          "year": 1999,
          "hhi": 0.1026,
          "topExporterIso3": "USA",
          "topExporterName": "USA",
          "topExporterSharePct": 21.2
        },
        {
          "group": "IC",
          "groupLabel": "Integrated circuits",
          "year": 2000,
          "hhi": 0.1034,
          "topExporterIso3": "USA",
          "topExporterName": "USA",
          "topExporterSharePct": 21.3
        },
        {
          "group": "IC",
          "groupLabel": "Integrated circuits",
          "year": 2001,
          "hhi": 0.0955,
          "topExporterIso3": "USA",
          "topExporterName": "USA",
          "topExporterSharePct": 19.9
        },
        {
          "group": "IC",
          "groupLabel": "Integrated circuits",
          "year": 2002,
          "hhi": 0.0902,
          "topExporterIso3": "USA",
          "topExporterName": "USA",
          "topExporterSharePct": 16.6
        },
        {
          "group": "IC",
          "groupLabel": "Integrated circuits",
          "year": 2003,
          "hhi": 0.0882,
          "topExporterIso3": "USA",
          "topExporterName": "USA",
          "topExporterSharePct": 15.3
        },
        {
          "group": "IC",
          "groupLabel": "Integrated circuits",
          "year": 2004,
          "hhi": 0.0857,
          "topExporterIso3": "USA",
          "topExporterName": "USA",
          "topExporterSharePct": 14.6
        },
        {
          "group": "IC",
          "groupLabel": "Integrated circuits",
          "year": 2005,
          "hhi": 0.0858,
          "topExporterIso3": "S19",
          "topExporterName": "Other Asia, nes",
          "topExporterSharePct": 13.6
        },
        {
          "group": "IC",
          "groupLabel": "Integrated circuits",
          "year": 2006,
          "hhi": 0.09,
          "topExporterIso3": "S19",
          "topExporterName": "Other Asia, nes",
          "topExporterSharePct": 14.1
        },
        {
          "group": "IC",
          "groupLabel": "Integrated circuits",
          "year": 2007,
          "hhi": 0.0935,
          "topExporterIso3": "S19",
          "topExporterName": "Other Asia, nes",
          "topExporterSharePct": 17.9
        },
        {
          "group": "IC",
          "groupLabel": "Integrated circuits",
          "year": 2008,
          "hhi": 0.094,
          "topExporterIso3": "S19",
          "topExporterName": "Other Asia, nes",
          "topExporterSharePct": 18.5
        },
        {
          "group": "IC",
          "groupLabel": "Integrated circuits",
          "year": 2009,
          "hhi": 0.0997,
          "topExporterIso3": "S19",
          "topExporterName": "Other Asia, nes",
          "topExporterSharePct": 18.2
        },
        {
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          "topExporterSharePct": 20.6
        },
        {
          "group": "AI",
          "groupLabel": "AI compute hardware (IC + DP)",
          "year": 2008,
          "hhi": 0.0989,
          "topExporterIso3": "CHN",
          "topExporterName": "China",
          "topExporterSharePct": 23.2
        },
        {
          "group": "AI",
          "groupLabel": "AI compute hardware (IC + DP)",
          "year": 2009,
          "hhi": 0.1106,
          "topExporterIso3": "CHN",
          "topExporterName": "China",
          "topExporterSharePct": 25.7
        },
        {
          "group": "AI",
          "groupLabel": "AI compute hardware (IC + DP)",
          "year": 2010,
          "hhi": 0.1233,
          "topExporterIso3": "CHN",
          "topExporterName": "China",
          "topExporterSharePct": 28.7
        },
        {
          "group": "AI",
          "groupLabel": "AI compute hardware (IC + DP)",
          "year": 2011,
          "hhi": 0.1342,
          "topExporterIso3": "CHN",
          "topExporterName": "China",
          "topExporterSharePct": 31.0
        },
        {
          "group": "AI",
          "groupLabel": "AI compute hardware (IC + DP)",
          "year": 2012,
          "hhi": 0.1623,
          "topExporterIso3": "CHN",
          "topExporterName": "China",
          "topExporterSharePct": 36.2
        },
        {
          "group": "AI",
          "groupLabel": "AI compute hardware (IC + DP)",
          "year": 2013,
          "hhi": 0.1445,
          "topExporterIso3": "CHN",
          "topExporterName": "China",
          "topExporterSharePct": 32.8
        },
        {
          "group": "AI",
          "groupLabel": "AI compute hardware (IC + DP)",
          "year": 2014,
          "hhi": 0.1519,
          "topExporterIso3": "CHN",
          "topExporterName": "China",
          "topExporterSharePct": 33.7
        },
        {
          "group": "AI",
          "groupLabel": "AI compute hardware (IC + DP)",
          "year": 2015,
          "hhi": 0.1488,
          "topExporterIso3": "CHN",
          "topExporterName": "China",
          "topExporterSharePct": 33.0
        },
        {
          "group": "AI",
          "groupLabel": "AI compute hardware (IC + DP)",
          "year": 2016,
          "hhi": 0.1391,
          "topExporterIso3": "CHN",
          "topExporterName": "China",
          "topExporterSharePct": 30.9
        },
        {
          "group": "AI",
          "groupLabel": "AI compute hardware (IC + DP)",
          "year": 2017,
          "hhi": 0.1285,
          "topExporterIso3": "CHN",
          "topExporterName": "China",
          "topExporterSharePct": 27.5
        },
        {
          "group": "AI",
          "groupLabel": "AI compute hardware (IC + DP)",
          "year": 2018,
          "hhi": 0.1375,
          "topExporterIso3": "CHN",
          "topExporterName": "China",
          "topExporterSharePct": 29.4
        },
        {
          "group": "AI",
          "groupLabel": "AI compute hardware (IC + DP)",
          "year": 2019,
          "hhi": 0.1359,
          "topExporterIso3": "CHN",
          "topExporterName": "China",
          "topExporterSharePct": 29.4
        },
        {
          "group": "AI",
          "groupLabel": "AI compute hardware (IC + DP)",
          "year": 2020,
          "hhi": 0.1384,
          "topExporterIso3": "CHN",
          "topExporterName": "China",
          "topExporterSharePct": 29.2
        },
        {
          "group": "AI",
          "groupLabel": "AI compute hardware (IC + DP)",
          "year": 2021,
          "hhi": 0.1457,
          "topExporterIso3": "CHN",
          "topExporterName": "China",
          "topExporterSharePct": 30.1
        },
        {
          "group": "AI",
          "groupLabel": "AI compute hardware (IC + DP)",
          "year": 2022,
          "hhi": 0.1427,
          "topExporterIso3": "CHN",
          "topExporterName": "China",
          "topExporterSharePct": 28.5
        },
        {
          "group": "AI",
          "groupLabel": "AI compute hardware (IC + DP)",
          "year": 2023,
          "hhi": 0.1379,
          "topExporterIso3": "CHN",
          "topExporterName": "China",
          "topExporterSharePct": 27.5
        },
        {
          "group": "AI",
          "groupLabel": "AI compute hardware (IC + DP)",
          "year": 2024,
          "hhi": 0.1392,
          "topExporterIso3": "CHN",
          "topExporterName": "China",
          "topExporterSharePct": 26.2
        }
      ]
    },
    "ic-dependency-matrix-2024": {
      "component": "ConcentrationMatrix",
      "title": "Where major buyers source integrated circuits, 2024 (source-country proxy)",
      "unit": "percent",
      "years": [
        2024
      ],
      "source": "CEPII BACI (HS92), trade_2024.parquet bilateral IC flows (source-country proxy).",
      "caveatIds": [
        "hs92-compatible-history",
        "baci-country-codes",
        "editorial-ai-grouping",
        "taiwan-s19-aggregate",
        "route-proxy"
      ],
      "data": [
        {
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "importerName": "USA",
          "totalImportsMillions": 38966.4,
          "topSupplierIso3": "S19",
          "topSupplierName": "Other Asia, nes",
          "topSupplierSharePct": 28.4,
          "supplierHHI": 0.1613,
          "cells": [
            {
              "supplierIso3": "S19",
              "supplierName": "Other Asia, nes",
              "sharePct": 28.4,
              "value": 11051.4
            },
            {
              "supplierIso3": "MYS",
              "supplierName": "Malaysia",
              "sharePct": 23.8,
              "value": 9292.3
            },
            {
              "supplierIso3": "ISR",
              "supplierName": "Israel",
              "sharePct": 10.5,
              "value": 4092.6
            },
            {
              "supplierIso3": "KOR",
              "supplierName": "Rep. of Korea",
              "sharePct": 5.9,
              "value": 2313.2
            },
            {
              "supplierIso3": "IRL",
              "supplierName": "Ireland",
              "sharePct": 4.8,
              "value": 1871.3
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "importerName": "China",
          "totalImportsMillions": 199754.7,
          "topSupplierIso3": "KOR",
          "topSupplierName": "Rep. of Korea",
          "topSupplierSharePct": 31.8,
          "supplierHHI": 0.1847,
          "cells": [
            {
              "supplierIso3": "KOR",
              "supplierName": "Rep. of Korea",
              "sharePct": 31.8,
              "value": 63444.7
            },
            {
              "supplierIso3": "S19",
              "supplierName": "Other Asia, nes",
              "sharePct": 24.2,
              "value": 48371.4
            },
            {
              "supplierIso3": "MYS",
              "supplierName": "Malaysia",
              "sharePct": 9.1,
              "value": 18262.6
            },
            {
              "supplierIso3": "JPN",
              "supplierName": "Japan",
              "sharePct": 7.2,
              "value": 14455.5
            },
            {
              "supplierIso3": "VNM",
              "supplierName": "Viet Nam",
              "sharePct": 6.9,
              "value": 13800.5
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "importerIso3": "HKG",
          "importerName": "China, Hong Kong SAR",
          "totalImportsMillions": 219256.3,
          "topSupplierIso3": "CHN",
          "topSupplierName": "China",
          "topSupplierSharePct": 33.5,
          "supplierHHI": 0.1983,
          "cells": [
            {
              "supplierIso3": "CHN",
              "supplierName": "China",
              "sharePct": 33.5,
              "value": 73377.1
            },
            {
              "supplierIso3": "S19",
              "supplierName": "Other Asia, nes",
              "sharePct": 20.9,
              "value": 45771.2
            },
            {
              "supplierIso3": "SGP",
              "supplierName": "Singapore",
              "sharePct": 15.8,
              "value": 34619.2
            },
            {
              "supplierIso3": "KOR",
              "supplierName": "Rep. of Korea",
              "sharePct": 10.3,
              "value": 22548.7
            },
            {
              "supplierIso3": "MYS",
              "supplierName": "Malaysia",
              "sharePct": 6.1,
              "value": 13347.0
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "importerIso3": "MEX",
          "importerName": "Mexico",
          "totalImportsMillions": 24342.7,
          "topSupplierIso3": "MYS",
          "topSupplierName": "Malaysia",
          "topSupplierSharePct": 22.4,
          "supplierHHI": 0.1343,
          "cells": [
            {
              "supplierIso3": "MYS",
              "supplierName": "Malaysia",
              "sharePct": 22.4,
              "value": 5460.9
            },
            {
              "supplierIso3": "S19",
              "supplierName": "Other Asia, nes",
              "sharePct": 19.6,
              "value": 4781.6
            },
            {
              "supplierIso3": "CHN",
              "supplierName": "China",
              "sharePct": 12.5,
              "value": 3051.0
            },
            {
              "supplierIso3": "VNM",
              "supplierName": "Viet Nam",
              "sharePct": 9.9,
              "value": 2412.7
            },
            {
              "supplierIso3": "USA",
              "supplierName": "USA",
              "sharePct": 9.7,
              "value": 2360.8
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "importerIso3": "DEU",
          "importerName": "Germany",
          "totalImportsMillions": 17902.2,
          "topSupplierIso3": "S19",
          "topSupplierName": "Other Asia, nes",
          "topSupplierSharePct": 21.5,
          "supplierHHI": 0.1027,
          "cells": [
            {
              "supplierIso3": "S19",
              "supplierName": "Other Asia, nes",
              "sharePct": 21.5,
              "value": 3844.6
            },
            {
              "supplierIso3": "MYS",
              "supplierName": "Malaysia",
              "sharePct": 14.6,
              "value": 2607.3
            },
            {
              "supplierIso3": "CHN",
              "supplierName": "China",
              "sharePct": 10.5,
              "value": 1879.4
            },
            {
              "supplierIso3": "PHL",
              "supplierName": "Philippines",
              "sharePct": 8.5,
              "value": 1520.8
            },
            {
              "supplierIso3": "THA",
              "supplierName": "Thailand",
              "sharePct": 7.1,
              "value": 1274.7
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "importerIso3": "JPN",
          "importerName": "Japan",
          "totalImportsMillions": 23497.1,
          "topSupplierIso3": "S19",
          "topSupplierName": "Other Asia, nes",
          "topSupplierSharePct": 57.3,
          "supplierHHI": 0.3481,
          "cells": [
            {
              "supplierIso3": "S19",
              "supplierName": "Other Asia, nes",
              "sharePct": 57.3,
              "value": 13473.9
            },
            {
              "supplierIso3": "CHN",
              "supplierName": "China",
              "sharePct": 6.8,
              "value": 1605.7
            },
            {
              "supplierIso3": "USA",
              "supplierName": "USA",
              "sharePct": 6.6,
              "value": 1547.2
            },
            {
              "supplierIso3": "KOR",
              "supplierName": "Rep. of Korea",
              "sharePct": 5.7,
              "value": 1348.8
            },
            {
              "supplierIso3": "MYS",
              "supplierName": "Malaysia",
              "sharePct": 5.0,
              "value": 1186.4
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "importerIso3": "SGP",
          "importerName": "Singapore",
          "totalImportsMillions": 90827.2,
          "topSupplierIso3": "S19",
          "topSupplierName": "Other Asia, nes",
          "topSupplierSharePct": 49.0,
          "supplierHHI": 0.2933,
          "cells": [
            {
              "supplierIso3": "S19",
              "supplierName": "Other Asia, nes",
              "sharePct": 49.0,
              "value": 44469.2
            },
            {
              "supplierIso3": "KOR",
              "supplierName": "Rep. of Korea",
              "sharePct": 16.5,
              "value": 14984.9
            },
            {
              "supplierIso3": "MYS",
              "supplierName": "Malaysia",
              "sharePct": 13.7,
              "value": 12409.7
            },
            {
              "supplierIso3": "CHN",
              "supplierName": "China",
              "sharePct": 6.2,
              "value": 5669.2
            },
            {
              "supplierIso3": "JPN",
              "supplierName": "Japan",
              "sharePct": 5.1,
              "value": 4591.9
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "importerIso3": "MYS",
          "importerName": "Malaysia",
          "totalImportsMillions": 44245.4,
          "topSupplierIso3": "S19",
          "topSupplierName": "Other Asia, nes",
          "topSupplierSharePct": 21.3,
          "supplierHHI": 0.1438,
          "cells": [
            {
              "supplierIso3": "S19",
              "supplierName": "Other Asia, nes",
              "sharePct": 21.3,
              "value": 9423.5
            },
            {
              "supplierIso3": "CHN",
              "supplierName": "China",
              "sharePct": 17.5,
              "value": 7760.0
            },
            {
              "supplierIso3": "SGP",
              "supplierName": "Singapore",
              "sharePct": 17.0,
              "value": 7524.3
            },
            {
              "supplierIso3": "USA",
              "supplierName": "USA",
              "sharePct": 14.9,
              "value": 6606.7
            },
            {
              "supplierIso3": "IRL",
              "supplierName": "Ireland",
              "sharePct": 10.1,
              "value": 4462.5
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "importerIso3": "VNM",
          "importerName": "Viet Nam",
          "totalImportsMillions": 62527.0,
          "topSupplierIso3": "KOR",
          "topSupplierName": "Rep. of Korea",
          "topSupplierSharePct": 26.5,
          "supplierHHI": 0.1812,
          "cells": [
            {
              "supplierIso3": "KOR",
              "supplierName": "Rep. of Korea",
              "sharePct": 26.5,
              "value": 16577.8
            },
            {
              "supplierIso3": "CHN",
              "supplierName": "China",
              "sharePct": 26.3,
              "value": 16470.0
            },
            {
              "supplierIso3": "HKG",
              "supplierName": "China, Hong Kong SAR",
              "sharePct": 13.1,
              "value": 8205.9
            },
            {
              "supplierIso3": "SGP",
              "supplierName": "Singapore",
              "sharePct": 10.8,
              "value": 6763.2
            },
            {
              "supplierIso3": "S19",
              "supplierName": "Other Asia, nes",
              "sharePct": 6.9,
              "value": 4344.1
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "importerIso3": "NLD",
          "importerName": "Netherlands",
          "totalImportsMillions": 4965.7,
          "topSupplierIso3": "MYS",
          "topSupplierName": "Malaysia",
          "topSupplierSharePct": 15.6,
          "supplierHHI": 0.0952,
          "cells": [
            {
              "supplierIso3": "MYS",
              "supplierName": "Malaysia",
              "sharePct": 15.6,
              "value": 776.3
            },
            {
              "supplierIso3": "DEU",
              "supplierName": "Germany",
              "sharePct": 14.5,
              "value": 718.6
            },
            {
              "supplierIso3": "PHL",
              "supplierName": "Philippines",
              "sharePct": 13.6,
              "value": 677.6
            },
            {
              "supplierIso3": "SGP",
              "supplierName": "Singapore",
              "sharePct": 10.2,
              "value": 504.6
            },
            {
              "supplierIso3": "HKG",
              "supplierName": "China, Hong Kong SAR",
              "sharePct": 7.8,
              "value": 387.7
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    "product-explainer-cards": {
      "component": "SourceLedger",
      "title": "What each HS6 code in the AI-compute grouping means",
      "unit": "millions_usd",
      "years": [
        2024
      ],
      "source": "CEPII BACI (HS92), product_country_year; bilateral matrix from trade_2024.parquet.",
      "caveatIds": [
        "hs92-compatible-history",
        "baci-country-codes",
        "editorial-ai-grouping",
        "taiwan-s19-aggregate"
      ],
      "data": [
        {
          "hs6": "854211",
          "group": "IC",
          "groupLabel": "Integrated circuits",
          "definition": "Electronic integrated circuits: processors and controllers (CPUs, MCUs, logic), whether or not combined with memory or other circuits.",
          "value2024": 967551.4,
          "topExporterIso3": "S19",
          "topExporterName": "Other Asia, nes",
          "topExporterSharePct": 23.9
        },
        {
          "hs6": "854219",
          "group": "IC",
          "groupLabel": "Integrated circuits",
          "definition": "Electronic integrated circuits: other monolithic types under the older HS split.",
          "value2024": 1.3,
          "topExporterIso3": "USA",
          "topExporterName": "USA",
          "topExporterSharePct": 54.3
        },
        {
          "hs6": "854220",
          "group": "IC",
          "groupLabel": "Integrated circuits",
          "definition": "Electronic integrated circuits: amplifiers (monolithic).",
          "value2024": 0.0,
          "topExporterIso3": null,
          "topExporterName": null,
          "topExporterSharePct": null
        },
        {
          "hs6": "854280",
          "group": "IC",
          "groupLabel": "Integrated circuits",
          "definition": "Electronic integrated circuits: other, including hybrid and unclassified IC types.",
          "value2024": 0.0,
          "topExporterIso3": null,
          "topExporterName": null,
          "topExporterSharePct": null
        },
        {
          "hs6": "847120",
          "group": "DP",
          "groupLabel": "Data-processing machines & parts",
          "definition": "Digital automatic data-processing machines containing a CPU plus input/output (older code for desktop/laptop computers).",
          "value2024": 14529.8,
          "topExporterIso3": "CHN",
          "topExporterName": "China",
          "topExporterSharePct": 29.6
        },
        {
          "hs6": "847192",
          "group": "DP",
          "groupLabel": "Data-processing machines & parts",
          "definition": "Input or output units for computers (keyboards, mice, monitors, printers), whether or not housed together.",
          "value2024": 15.3,
          "topExporterIso3": "USA",
          "topExporterName": "USA",
          "topExporterSharePct": 49.2
        },
        {
          "hs6": "847193",
          "group": "DP",
          "groupLabel": "Data-processing machines & parts",
          "definition": "Storage units for automatic data-processing machines (hard drives, solid-state and other storage).",
          "value2024": 171646.5,
          "topExporterIso3": "CHN",
          "topExporterName": "China",
          "topExporterSharePct": 69.8
        },
        {
          "hs6": "847199",
          "group": "DP",
          "groupLabel": "Data-processing machines & parts",
          "definition": "Other units of automatic data-processing machines not elsewhere specified.",
          "value2024": 83873.9,
          "topExporterIso3": "S19",
          "topExporterName": "Other Asia, nes",
          "topExporterSharePct": 34.8
        },
        {
          "hs6": "847330",
          "group": "DP",
          "groupLabel": "Data-processing machines & parts",
          "definition": "Parts and accessories of the data-processing machines of heading 8471 (motherboards, cards, sub-assemblies).",
          "value2024": 315905.8,
          "topExporterIso3": "CHN",
          "topExporterName": "China",
          "topExporterSharePct": 30.2
        },
        {
          "hs6": "854470",
          "group": "OPT",
          "groupLabel": "Optical fibre & optics",
          "definition": "Optical fibre cables made up of individually sheathed fibres.",
          "value2024": 9100.9,
          "topExporterIso3": "CHN",
          "topExporterName": "China",
          "topExporterSharePct": 28.6
        },
        {
          "hs6": "900110",
          "group": "OPT",
          "groupLabel": "Optical fibre & optics",
          "definition": "Optical fibres, optical fibre bundles and cables (other than 8544 made-up cables).",
          "value2024": 2171.8,
          "topExporterIso3": "CHN",
          "topExporterName": "China",
          "topExporterSharePct": 26.2
        },
        {
          "hs6": "900190",
          "group": "OPT",
          "groupLabel": "Optical fibre & optics",
          "definition": "Other optical elements (prisms, mirrors and unmounted optical elements), not elsewhere specified.",
          "value2024": 8957.6,
          "topExporterIso3": "CHN",
          "topExporterName": "China",
          "topExporterSharePct": 30.2
        },
        {
          "hs6": "901380",
          "group": "OPT",
          "groupLabel": "Optical fibre & optics",
          "definition": "Other optical devices, appliances and instruments not specified elsewhere (e.g. LCD modules, optical readers).",
          "value2024": 3725.9,
          "topExporterIso3": "CHN",
          "topExporterName": "China",
          "topExporterSharePct": 26.7
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}